Annual inflation stable at 2.1% in the euro area

Pre-announcement: upcoming changes to the HICP

As of 4 February 2026, several methodological changes will take effect in the HICP. The index will be compiled according to the new European Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose version 2, aligned with the UN COICOP 2018 classification. Games of chance will be included in the HICP as part of Recreation services under the division of Recreation, sport and culture. The index reference period will also be updated to 2025=100.

Overview

The euro area annual inflation rate was 2.1 % in November 2025 , stable compared to October . A year earlier, the rate was 2.2 %. European Union annual inflation was 2.4 % in November 2025 , down from 2.5% in October . A year earlier, the rate was 2.5 %. These figures are published by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union.

The lowest annual rates were registered in Cyprus (0.1%), France (0.8%) and Italy (1.1%) . The highest annual rates were recorded in Romania (8.6%), Estonia (4.7%) and Croatia (4.3%) . Compared with October 2025 , annual inflation fell in twelve Member States, remained stable in five and rose in ten .

In November 2025 , the highest contribution to the annual euro area inflation rate came from services (+1.58 percentage points, pp), followed by food, alcohol & tobacco (+0.46 pp), non-energy industrial goods (+0.14 pp) and energy (-0.04 pp) .

Annual inflation rates (%) in November 2025

Inflation rates (%) measured by the HICP
	Annual rate							Monthly rate
	Nov 24	Jun 25	Jul 25	Aug 25	Sept 25	Oct 25	Nov 25	Nov 25
Euro area	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.1	-0.3
EU	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.4	-0.2
Belgium	4.8	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.6	0.3
Bulgaria	2.0	3.1	3.4	3.5	4.1	3.8	3.7	0.2
Czechia	3.1	2.8	2.5	2.4	2.0	2.3	1.8	-0.4
Denmark	1.6	1.8	2.2	1.9	2.2	2.1	2.0	-0.5
Germany	2.4	2.0	1.8	2.1	2.4	2.3	2.6	-0.5
Estonia	3.8	5.2	5.6	6.2	5.3	4.5	4.7	-0.5
Ireland	0.5	1.6	1.6	1.9	2.7	2.8	3.1	-0.2
Greece	3.0	3.6	3.7	3.1	1.8	1.6	2.8	-0.1
Spain	2.4	2.3	2.7	2.7	3.0	3.2	3.2	0.0
France	1.7	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.1	0.8	0.8	-0.2
Croatia	4.0	4.4	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.0	4.3	0.3
Italy	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Cyprus	2.2	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	-1.1
Latvia	2.3	3.9	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.3	3.8	-0.3
Lithuania	1.1	3.2	3.4	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.6	0.4
Luxembourg	1.1	2.4	2.6	2.8	3.1	3.0	3.6	0.1
Hungary	3.9	4.6	4.2	4.2	4.3	4.2	3.7	0.0
Malta	2.1	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.4	2.5	2.5	-3.2
Netherlands	3.8	2.8	2.5	2.4	3.0	3.0	2.6	-1.4
Austria	1.9	3.2	3.7	4.1	3.9	4.0	4.0	0.2
Poland	3.9	3.4	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.9	2.6	0.1
Portugal	2.7	2.1	2.5	2.5	1.9	2.0	2.1	-0.8
Romania	5.4	5.8	6.6	8.5	8.6	8.4	8.6	0.5
Slovenia	1.6	2.5	2.9	3.0	2.7	3.1	2.4	0.0
Slovakia	3.6	4.6	4.6	4.4	4.6	3.9	3.9	0.3
Finland	1.7	1.9	1.9	2.2	2.2	1.4	1.5	-0.1
Sweden	2.0	2.9	3.1	3.4	3.2	3.1	2.2	-0.3
Iceland	3.5	3.9	3.7	3.7	4.3	3.9	3.4	-0.9
Norway	1.9	2.7	3.1	3.5	3.6	3.0	2.7	0.1
Switzerland	0.7	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	-0.6
Source dataset: prc_hicp_manr and prc_hicp_mmor

Annual inflation rates (%)

Tables

Euro area inflation rate (%), selected aggregates
	Weights (‰)	Annual rate							Monthly rate
	2025	Nov 24	Jun 25	Jul 25	Aug 25	Sept 25	Oct 25	Nov 25	Nov 25
All-items HICP	1000.0	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.1	-0.3
All-items excluding: energy	906.0	2.7	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.4	-0.4
energy, unprocessed food	863.4	2.7	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.4	-0.4
energy, food, alcohol & tobacco	712.8	2.7	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.4	-0.5
energy, seasonal food	881.7	2.7	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.5	-0.4
tobacco	978.5	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.1	-0.3
Food, alcohol & tobacco	193.3	2.7	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.0	2.5	2.4	0.1
processed food, alcohol & tobacco	150.6	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.3	2.2	0.0
unprocessed food	42.7	2.3	4.6	5.4	5.5	4.7	3.2	3.2	0.3
Energy	94.0	-2.0	-2.6	-2.4	-2.0	-0.4	-0.9	-0.5	0.9
Non-energy industrial goods	256.3	0.6	0.5	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.5	-0.1
Services	456.5	3.9	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.5	-0.8
Source dataset: prc_hicp_manr and prc_hicp_mmor

Contributions to the euro area annual inflation rate (pp), selected aggregates
	Nov 24	Jun 25	Jul 25	Aug 25	Sept 25	Oct 25	Nov 25
Food, alcohol & tobacco	0.53	0.59	0.63	0.62	0.58	0.48	0.46
processed food, alcohol & tobacco	0.43	0.40	0.40	0.39	0.39	0.35	0.33
unprocessed food	0.10	0.19	0.23	0.23	0.20	0.14	0.14
Energy	-0.19	-0.25	-0.23	-0.19	-0.03	-0.08	-0.04
Non-energy industrial goods	0.17	0.13	0.18	0.18	0.20	0.16	0.14
Services	1.74	1.51	1.46	1.44	1.49	1.54	1.58
Source dataset: prc_hicp_ctrb

Notes for users

Revisions and timetable

A flash estimate of euro area inflation is issued at the end of each reference month. The euro area flash estimate for November 2025 , published on 2 December 2025 , was 2.2 %.

The next flash estimate of euro area inflation with data for December 2025 is scheduled for 7 January 2026 .

Methods and definitions

Annual inflation is the price change of consumer goods and services between the current month and the same month of the previous year. Monthly inflation is the price change between the current month and the previous month.

A contribution shows how much of the annual inflation rate comes from a particular component of the HICP. The contributions are calculated according to a method which ensures their additivity (allowing for rounding).

Geographical information

The euro area consists of Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland.

The European Union includes Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden.

The euro area and European Union data refer to the respective country compositions at a specific point in time. Changes in the composition of these aggregates are incorporated using a chain index formula.