GDP up by 0.3% and employment up by 0.2% in the euro area

In the EU, GDP up by 0.4% and employment up by 0.1%

GDP growth in the euro area and the EU

In the third quarter of 2025, seasonally adjusted GDP increased by 0.3% in the euro area and by 0.4% in the EU, compared with the previous quarter, according to an estimate published by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. In the second quarter of 2025, GDP had increased by 0.1% in the euro area and by 0.3% in the EU.

Compared with the same quarter of the previous year, seasonally adjusted GDP increased by 1.4% in the euro area and by 1.6% in the EU in the third quarter of 2025, after +1.6% in the euro area and +1.7% in the EU in the previous quarter.

GDP growth by Member State

Denmark (+2.3%) recorded the highest increase of GDP compared to the previous quarter, followed by Luxembourg and Sweden (both +1.1%). Decreases were observed in Ireland, Finland (both -0.3%) and Romania (-0.2%).

GDP components and contributions to growth

GDP components evolved in the third quarter of 2025 as follows:

• household final consumption expenditure increased by 0.2% both in the euro area and in the EU (after +0.3% in both areas),

• government final consumption expenditure increased by 0.7% both in the euro area and in the EU (after +0.4% and +0.5% respectively),

• gross fixed capital formation increased by 0.9% in the euro area and by 1.1% in the EU (after -1.7% and -1.4% respectively),

• exports increased by 0.7% in the euro area and by 0.9% in the EU (after -0.4% and -0.1% respectively), and

• imports increased by 1.3% both in the euro area and in the EU (after -0.1% and +0.3% respectively).

The contribution to GDP growth from:

• household final consumption expenditure was positive for both the euro area and the EU (+0.1 percentage points – pp for both),

• government final expenditure was positive for both the euro area (+0.1 pp) and the EU (+0.2 pp),

• gross fixed capital formation was positive for both the euro area and the EU (+0.2 pp for both),

• changes in inventories was positive for the euro area (+0.1 pp) and negligible for the EU, and

• exports less imports was negative for both the euro area (-0.2 pp) and the EU (-0.1 pp).

Employment growth in the euro area and EU

The number of employed persons increased by 0.2% in the euro area and by 0.1% in the EU in the third quarter of 2025, compared with the previous quarter. In the second quarter of 2025, employment had increased by 0.1% in both zones.

Compared with the same quarter of the previous year, employment increased by 0.6% in the euro area and by 0.5% in the EU in the third quarter of 2025, after +0.7% in the euro area and +0.5% in the EU in the second quarter of 2025.

Hours worked increased by 0.4% in both the euro area and the EU in the third quarter of 2025, compared with the previous quarter. Compared with the same quarter of the previous year, hours worked increased by 0.8% in the euro area and by 0.7% in the EU.

These data provide a picture of labour input consistent with the output and income measure of national accounts.

Employment growth in Member States

In the third quarter of 2025, Croatia (+1.6%), Portugal (+0.9%) and Spain (+0.7%) recorded the highest growth of employment in persons compared with the previous quarter. The highest declines of employment were recorded in Romania (-1.2%), Austria and Finland (both -0.3%).

Employment levels in the euro area and EU

Based on seasonally adjusted figures, Eurostat estimates that in the third quarter of 2025, 220.6 million people were employed in the EU, of which 172.2 million were in the euro area.

Evolution of labour productivity in the euro area and EU

The combination of GDP and employment data allows an estimation of labour productivity.

In the third quarter of 2025, productivity based on persons increased by 0.7% in the euro area and by 1.1% in the EU compared to the same quarter of the previous year.

Based on hours worked, productivity compared with the same quarter of the previous year increased by 0.6% in the euro area and by 0.9% in the EU.

Tables

Growth rates of GDP in volume (based on seasonally adjusted* data)
	Percentage change compared with the previous quarter				Percentage change compared with the same quarter of the previous year
	2024Q4	2025Q1	2025Q2	2025Q3	2024Q4	2025Q1	2025Q2	2025Q3
Euro area	0.4	0.6	0.1	0.3	1.3	1.6	1.6	1.4
EU	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.4	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.6
Belgium	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.0
Bulgaria	1.0	0.6	0.9	0.7	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.2
Czechia	0.8	0.7	0.4	0.8	1.9	2.4	2.6	2.8
Denmark	1.5	-1.2	1.2	2.3	4.3	2.5	2.0	3.9
Germany	0.2	0.3	-0.2	0.0	-0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Estonia	-0.1	0.2	0.5	0.4	-0.4	-0.3	0.3	0.9
Ireland	3.3	7.4	0.3	-0.3	11.9	18.3	18.1	10.9
Greece	0.6	0.3	0.4	0.6	2.3	2.4	1.6	2.0
Spain	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.6	3.7	3.1	3.0	2.8
France	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.9
Croatia	1.0	0.4	0.9	0.3	3.5	3.5	3.3	2.6
Italy	0.2	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.5	0.8	0.5	0.6
Cyprus	0.9	1.1	0.7	0.9	3.7	3.4	3.6	3.6
Latvia	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.6	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.8
Lithuania	1.3	0.3	0.6	0.0	4.1	3.0	3.2	2.1
Luxembourg	0.5	0.3	0.8	1.1	0.1	-2.6	-0.7	2.7
Hungary	0.3	-0.2	0.5	0.0	0.1	-0.3	0.2	0.6
Malta	1.2	0.2	0.7	0.6	5.4	4.6	2.4	2.7
Netherlands**	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.4	2.0	2.2	1.7	1.6
Austria	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.5	1.0
Poland	1.5	0.7	0.8	0.9	3.9	3.7	3.0	3.8
Portugal	1.2	-0.3	0.7	0.8	2.6	1.7	1.8	2.4
Romania	0.5	0.1	1.0	-0.2	0.6	0.7	2.2	1.4
Slovenia	0.5	-0.6	0.9	0.8	1.1	-0.5	0.9	1.6
Slovakia	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.3	1.3	0.8	0.7	0.8
Finland**	-0.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.3	1.6	1.1	0.2	-0.6
Sweden**	0.7	-0.1	0.8	1.1	2.4	0.6	1.9	2.6
Iceland	-2.2	3.0	-0.4	-0.2	-2.0	2.2	-0.3	0.2
Norway	-0.9	0.1	0.8	:	-0.2	-0.6	-1.3	:
Switzerland	0.2	0.7	0.2	-0.5	1.6	2.3	1.5	0.5
United States	0.5	-0.2	0.9	:	2.4	2.0	2.1	:
: Data not available * Growth rates to the previous quarter and to the same quarter of the previous year presented in this table are both based on seasonally and calendar adjusted figures, except where indicated. Unadjusted data are not available for all Member States which are included in GDP flash estimates. ** Percentage change compared with the same quarter of the previous year calculated from calendar adjusted data. Source datasets: namq_10_gdp and naidq_10_gdp (for United States data)

Growth rates of employment in persons*
	Percentage change compared with the previous quarter				Percentage change compared with the same quarter of the previous year
	2024Q4	2025Q1	2025Q2	2025Q3	2024Q4	2025Q1	2025Q2	2025Q3
Euro area	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.6
EU	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.5
Belgium	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.5
Bulgaria	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.5	1.0	1.4	2.6	2.3
Czechia	0.0	0.4	0.5	0.1	0.6	1.1	0.9	1.0
Denmark	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.3	0.9	1.3	1.1	1.3
Germany	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Estonia	0.1	-0.5	0.7	0.6	0.2	-1.1	-0.9	1.0
Ireland	0.3	0.7	0.0	0.1	2.5	3.3	2.3	1.1
Greece	0.4	0.6	-0.3	0.3	1.0	0.8	0.7	1.1
Spain	1.0	0.6	0.7	0.7	2.4	2.7	3.0	2.7
France	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Croatia	-0.4	1.0	-0.8	1.6	3.4	2.5	0.0	1.6
Italy	0.0	0.6	-0.1	0.1	1.0	1.5	1.1	0.6
Cyprus	0.3	0.0	0.6	0.5	1.7	1.5	1.8	1.4
Latvia	-0.9	0.0	-0.1	0.5	-1.9	-1.6	-1.3	-0.5
Lithuania	-0.1	-0.2	-0.4	0.5	1.4	0.8	-1.3	-0.4
Luxembourg	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.9	0.8	1.0	1.4
Hungary	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.4
Malta	0.7	1.0	1.0	0.3	3.9	4.0	4.1	2.9
Netherlands	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.3
Austria	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.3	0.0	0.1	0.0	-0.4
Poland	0.2	-0.5	0.5	0.4	-0.7	-1.1	0.0	0.7
Portugal	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.9	0.9	1.5	2.3	2.7
Romania	1.2	-2.0	-0.4	-1.2	1.1	-4.4	-4.4	-2.5
Slovenia	-0.1	-0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.6	-0.5	-0.4
Slovakia	0.0	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2	0.0	-0.2
Finland	-0.5	-0.2	-0.2	-0.3	-1.3	-1.1	-0.8	-1.3
Sweden	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	-0.6	-0.5	-0.2	-0.1
Iceland	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.1	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.0
Norway	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.6
Switzerland	0.2	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.4
* Percentage change in the number of persons employed in resident production units compared with the previous quarter based on seasonally adjusted data. Percentage change compared with the same quarter of the previous year based on non-seasonally adjusted data. See predefined tables: tec00108 (quarterly change), teina305 (annual change), tec00109 (levels) Source dataset: namq_10_a10_e (including breakdowns by industry)

Growth rates of employment in hours worked*
	Percentage change compared with the previous quarter				Percentage change compared with the same quarter of the previous year
	2024Q4	2025Q1	2025Q2	2025Q3	2024Q4	2025Q1	2025Q2	2025Q3
Euro area	0.5	-0.2	0.1	0.4	1.6	0.2	-0.3	0.8
EU	0.5	-0.2	0.1	0.4	1.2	-0.2	-0.5	0.7
Belgium	0.1	0.5	0.0	:	-0.4	0.3	0.4	:
Bulgaria	0.2	0.6	0.6	0.5	-0.7	0.1	1.0	2.2
Czechia	0.9	-0.1	0.7	1.2	2.3	1.9	0.8	3.4
Denmark	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.5	1.0	0.7	1.6
Germany	0.4	-0.3	-0.2	0.1	0.5	0.0	-0.9	0.0
Estonia	-0.5	-1.4	2.2	1.2	0.0	-1.7	-2.2	1.4
Ireland	-0.1	-0.2	1.0	0.1	3.7	1.1	1.7	0.9
Greece	1.3	-1.8	1.5	-1.5	0.6	-2.8	0.2	-0.6
Spain	1.6	-0.6	0.5	1.0	3.8	2.8	0.1	2.8
France	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	0.1	0.9	-0.5	-0.8	-0.7
Croatia	0.0	1.2	-1.1	0.6	2.2	2.0	-1.2	0.8
Italy	0.3	0.9	0.1	0.7	1.6	0.1	0.7	2.1
Cyprus	0.5	-0.1	0.6	0.9	1.6	1.8	2.2	1.9
Latvia	2.1	-5.4	2.6	-0.1	-0.4	-4.9	-1.9	-1.0
Lithuania	0.7	-0.5	0.2	0.0	4.4	1.5	-0.5	0.4
Luxembourg	0.7	-0.2	0.1	-1.0	2.0	-0.5	-0.5	-1.1
Hungary	0.5	-0.3	-0.3	0.9	1.8	1.3	-1.8	0.9
Malta	0.0	0.4	1.2	-0.5	7.0	7.2	5.5	1.1
Netherlands	0.1	0.1	-0.2	0.2	1.5	-1.1	-1.6	0.4
Austria	3.1	-1.0	-0.5	0.3	3.6	0.6	-0.1	2.0
Poland	-0.4	-0.2	0.3	0.5	-2.2	-2.0	-0.7	0.3
Portugal	1.3	-0.2	0.1	1.7	3.7	1.4	0.8	3.4
Romania	1.8	-1.7	-1.1	-0.7	3.6	-4.3	-4.2	-2.0
Slovenia	0.4	-6.1	2.6	1.6	4.7	-4.4	-1.5	-2.1
Slovakia	0.2	-0.9	-0.3	0.5	0.6	-1.3	-1.3	-0.5
Finland	-0.4	-1.2	0.6	0.1	-0.2	-3.2	-3.2	-1.3
Sweden	0.6	-0.1	-0.3	0.4	-1.5	-1.8	-1.9	0.6
Iceland	0.6	-0.3	-2.2	1.0	1.7	2.6	-4.2	-1.2
Norway	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.0	2.5	-2.4	1.0
: Data not available * Percentage change in the number of hours worked in resident production units compared with the previous quarter based on seasonally adjusted data. Percentage change compared with the same quarter of the previous year based on non-seasonally adjusted data. Source dataset: namq_10_a10_e (including breakdowns by industry)

Overview on the evolution of main expenditure components

GDP and expenditure components seasonally adjusted, chain-linked volumes
		Percentage change compared with the previous quarter		Percentage change compared with the same quarter of the previous year
		Euro area	EU	Euro area	EU
GDP	2024 Q4	0.4	0.5	1.3	1.5
	2025 Q1	0.6	0.5	1.6	1.7
	2025 Q2	0.1	0.3	1.6	1.7
	2025 Q3	0.3	0.4	1.4	1.6
Household & NPISH final consumption expenditure	2024 Q4	0.5	0.6	1.8	2.0
	2025 Q1	0.2	0.3	1.5	1.7
	2025 Q2	0.3	0.3	1.6	1.7
	2025 Q3	0.2	0.2	1.1	1.3
Government final consumption expenditure	2024 Q4	0.6	0.7	2.2	2.5
	2025 Q1	0.0	-0.1	2.1	2.0
	2025 Q2	0.4	0.5	1.5	1.6
	2025 Q3	0.7	0.7	1.7	1.8
Gross Fixed Capital Formation	2024 Q4	0.7	0.8	-2.1	-2.1
	2025 Q1	2.6	2.2	2.4	2.1
	2025 Q2	-1.7	-1.4	3.2	2.8
	2025 Q3	0.9	1.1	2.5	2.7
Exports	2024 Q4	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.5
	2025 Q1	2.3	2.0	2.5	2.4
	2025 Q2	-0.4	-0.1	0.5	0.9
	2025 Q3	0.7	0.9	2.7	3.0
Imports	2024 Q4	0.1	0.2	0.9	1.3
	2025 Q1	2.2	1.9	4.0	3.7
	2025 Q2	-0.1	0.3	2.7	2.8
	2025 Q3	1.3	1.3	3.6	3.8

Contribution of expenditure components to change of GDP, seasonally adjusted, chain-linked volumes
		Contribution in percentage points to GDP change compared with the previous quarter		Contribution in percentage points to GDP change compared with the same quarter of the previous year
		Euro area	EU	Euro area	EU
Household & NPISH final consumption expenditure	2024 Q4	0.3	0.3	1.0	1.1
	2025 Q1	0.1	0.1	0.8	0.9
	2025 Q2	0.1	0.2	0.8	0.9
	2025 Q3	0.1	0.1	0.6	0.7
Government final consumption expenditure	2024 Q4	0.1	0.1	0.5	0.5
	2025 Q1	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.4
	2025 Q2	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4
	2025 Q3	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.4
Gross Fixed Capital Formation	2024 Q4	0.2	0.2	-0.5	-0.5
	2025 Q1	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4
	2025 Q2	-0.4	-0.3	0.7	0.6
	2025 Q3	0.2	0.2	0.5	0.6
Changes in Inventories*	2024 Q4	-0.1	-0.1	0.6	0.8
	2025 Q1	-0.2	-0.2	0.4	0.5
	2025 Q2	0.5	0.4	0.7	0.7
	2025 Q3	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2
Exports	2024 Q4	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3
	2025 Q1	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.2
	2025 Q2	-0.2	0.0	0.2	0.4
	2025 Q3	0.3	0.5	1.3	1.5
Imports	2024 Q4	-0.1	-0.1	-0.4	-0.6
	2025 Q1	-1.0	-0.9	-1.8	-1.7
	2025 Q2	0.0	-0.1	-1.2	-1.3
	2025 Q3	-0.6	-0.6	-1.6	-1.7

GDP and expenditure components in the third quarter of 2025 in millions of euro, seasonally adjusted, at current prices
	Euro area	EU
GDP	3 969 095.6	4 719 939.0
Household & NPISH final consumption expenditure	2 080 547.4	2 473 746.2
Government final consumption expenditure	856 570.2	1 021 116.7
Gross Fixed Capital Formation	840 672.4	1 006 711.3
Changes in Inventories*	36 135.0	36 724.0
Domestic Demand	3 813 925.0	4 538 298.2
Exports	1 924 488.3	2 337 756.1
Imports	1 769 317.7	2 156 115.2
* Changes in inventories include acquisitions less disposals of valuables. Source dataset: namq_10_gdp

Notes for users

Revisions

The reliability of GDP and employment flash estimates was tested by dedicated working groups and revisions of subsequent estimates are continuously monitored. Further information can be found on Eurostat website .

With these estimates, euro area and EU employment and GDP figures for earlier quarters are revised.

Flash estimates of employment and GDP growth were published in News Release issued on 14 November 2025. They were based on a more limited data set than the one used for the present News Release and additionally, on preliminary estimates that have now been revised by some Member States. Revisions for the last quarter are highlighted in bold in the table below:

Growth rates Estimates	To the previous quarter (Q/Q-1)	To the previous year (Q/Q-4)
	Previous	Current	Previous	Current
	Euro area	EU	Euro area	EU	Euro area	EU	Euro area	EU
GDP	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.4	1.4	1.6	1.4	1.6
Employment	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.5

All estimates presented in this release may be revised with the t+110 database update scheduled for 20 January 2026.

Release schedule

This news release presents estimates for euro area and EU GDP and employment aggregates based on national accounts transmission from all Member States due after t+2 months.

A further estimation is done at around t+110 days after some countries transmit updated estimates.

To increase the timeliness of key indicators, Eurostat also publishes flash estimates for GDP (after around 30 and 45 days) and employment (after around 45 days). The flash estimates are based on estimates provided by most EU Member States on a voluntary basis.

Methods and definitions

European quarterly national accounts are compiled in accordance with the European System of Accounts 2010 (ESA 2010). They include key policy indicators on GDP and employment.

Gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices measures the production activity of resident producer units. Growth rates are based on chain-linked volumes.

Employment covers employees and self-employed working in resident production units (domestic concept). Employment flash estimates are limited to total employment in persons, but regular estimates also cover hours worked and industry breakdowns.

Labour productivity is compiled as the ratio of economic output (GDP, chain-linked volumes with reference year 2010) to labour input (total employment measured in persons or hours worked, for all industries, according to the domestic concept).

The method used for compilation of European GDP and employment estimates is the same as for previous releases.

Geographical information

Euro area (EA20): Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland.

European Union (EU27): Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden.

For more information

• Website section on national accounts, notably information on European GDP and employment estimates

• Database section on national accounts and Eurostat metadata on quarterly national accounts

• Statistics Explained articles on measuring quarterly GDP and presentation of updated quarterly estimates

• Country specific metadata

• Country specific metadata on the recording of Ukrainian refugees in main aggregates of national accounts

• European System of Accounts 2010

• Euro indicators dashboard

• Release calendar for Euro indicators

• European Statistics Code of Practice

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